Are you sure you don’t have anything added in your content? Because the image appears to be showing up in your content when I look at your source code. It doesn’t show up as a featured image, but it does show up as an image added inside of your content when looking at the raw source code.
Can you check your post content when you click the “text” tab in your post editor? Let me know if you see some code there that shouldn’t be there. If you want to create a temp user, I can login and check everything out.