I’ve never used it myself, I just use the SEO options that come with Genesis…..but Genesis should have an option to turn off the SEO options if you want to use a third party plugin.
Child themes don’t really affect SEO, it’s the parent theme or framework that does (Genesis). So the real question is if the yoast plugin will work with the Genesis Framework, and from what I’ve heard that answer is Yes.
The creator of that plugin (Joost de Valk) is actually using the Genesis Framwork on his main sites, so I would imagine it would work fine, especially if he’s using it – https://yoast.com/